Society’s relationship with AI is increasingly shaped by these technical uncertainties. The deployment of large language models in education, healthcare, law, and journalism raises questions of accountability when systems err, reproduce biases, or are used to manipulate information. Regulatory frameworks are emerging in multiple jurisdictions, often drawing on risk-based approaches that impose stricter requirements on high-stakes applications. The European Union’s AI Act, for example, classifies systems by risk level and mandates transparency, robustness, and human oversight measures accordingly. Such frameworks must remain adaptable to rapid technological change while protecting fundamental rights. The tension between innovation and precaution is unlikely to be resolved quickly, and the debate itself reflects deeper societal values about autonomy, fairness, and the nature of trustworthy information.